What is the main consequence of estoppel by deed?

Estoppel by deed primarily prevents a party from denying the validity of a prior conveyance. When a party executes a deed conveying property, they are essentially affirming that they have the authority to convey that property, and this affirmation holds even if they later attempt to assert otherwise. This doctrine serves to protect the integrity of property transactions by ensuring that if a deed has been executed, the party who executed the deed cannot later claim that the conveyance was invalid, regardless of whether the deed was recorded.

In real property law, this principle is crucial for maintaining reliability in ownership claims and protecting third parties who may rely on the representations made in the deed. Thus, once the conveyance is made, the party is "estopped" from contradicting the validity of that conveyance, reinforcing the security of titles and the transactional environment surrounding property ownership.