How is the chain of title generally established?

The chain of title is fundamentally established by conducting a title search of the grantor-grantee index. This index is a public record that documents the transfers of property from one party to another, showing a complete history of ownership. When searching the grantor-grantee index, a title examiner can trace the ownership of the property back to its origins, determining who owned the property before the current owner and establishing the lawful chain of ownership.

This process is critical in real estate transactions, as it verifies that the current seller has the legal right to transfer the property to a new buyer. A thorough title search helps identify any potential issues or claims against the property, such as liens or encumbrances, ensuring that the buyer receives clear title to the property.

While a deed filed with the county clerk is an important part of recording the transfer of property, it does not solely establish the chain of title on its own. Similarly, a court order may have various purposes but does not inherently create or confirm the continuity of title. Finally, the presence of a third-party inspector does not contribute to establishing title; rather, an inspector's role is typically focused on the condition of the property rather than its legal ownership. Therefore, the most reliable method for establishing the chain of